Hernia surgery is a medical procedure performed to repair a hernia, which occurs when an organ or fatty tissue protrudes through a weak spot or tear in the surrounding muscle or connective tissue. Hernias commonly occur in the abdomen, but they can also occur in other areas of the body. There are different types of hernias, including inguinal hernias (most common in the groin area), femoral hernias, umbilical hernias, hiatal hernias (involving the stomach), and incisional hernias (resulting from a previous surgical incision). Surgery is often recommended for hernias that cause symptoms or complications. Herniorrhaphy (Open Repair): In this traditional approach, a surgeon makes an incision directly over the hernia and pushes the protruding tissue back into place. The weakened muscle or tissue is then repaired and reinforced with stitches or mesh to prevent a recurrence. Laparoscopic Hernia Repair: This minimally invasive technique involves making several small incisions and using a laparoscope (a thin tube with a camera) and specialized instruments to perform the surgery. The surgeon views the internal area on a monitor and repairs the hernia using mesh or sutures. After hernia surgery, patients typically experience a period of recovery. The recovery time varies depending on the type of surgery and the patient’s overall health. Some people may return to normal activities within a few days, while others may require several weeks for a full recovery.