A neurosurgeon is a medical doctor who specializes in the surgical treatment of disorders and conditions affecting the nervous system, including the brain, spinal cord, and peripheral nerves. Neurosurgeons undergo extensive education and training, typically completing medical school, a general surgery residency, and a neurosurgery residency. Their expertise covers a wide range of conditions, including brain tumors, traumatic brain injuries, spinal cord injuries, degenerative spinal disorders, vascular disorders of the brain and spinal cord, congenital anomalies, and functional disorders such as epilepsy. Neurosurgeons use surgical techniques to address these issues, and they may also work closely with other medical professionals, such as neurologists, radiologists, and oncologists, to provide comprehensive care for patients. In addition to surgery, neurosurgeons may be involved in the diagnosis, preoperative evaluation, postoperative care, and rehabilitation of patients with neurological disorders.